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Ogni nuovo account RI-TOOL viene pre-caricato con un framework di riferimento completo per la riassicurazione, esempi di clausole complesse formalizzate in grafi attuariali e template di rendiconto pronti per essere istanziati al primo contratto.
Ogni nuovo account RI-TOOL include esempi di clausole di riassicurazione, grafi attuariali e template SOA tratti dalla pratica reale dei trattati. La clausola Profit Commission copre cinque strutture di grafo — cascata bottom-up, scala scorrevole, corridoio sinistri, accumulo carry-forward e applicazione tasso LOOKUP. Le clausole Premio di Reintegro, Fondi Trattenuti, Interessi sui Fondi Trattenuti e Partecipazione ai Sinistri completano il toolkit per trattati proporzionali e non proporzionali.
52
Voci di riferimento
famiglie · tipi di trattato<br>tipi di valore · dimensioni
18
Grafi attuariali
126 nodes · 131 links
3
Template SOA
32 statement lines
Profit Commission with Stabilisation
TREATY_PROP5 graphs · 43 nodes total
Contractual wording
A Profit Commission shall be payable by the Reinsurer to the Cedant, calculated as a percentage of the technical profit generated under this Treaty, after deduction of a management expense loading and carry-forward of any deficit from prior periods, subject to a loss corridor where applicable. The applicable rate may follow a sliding scale based on the combined ratio of the Treaty year.
G1 — Bottom-up cascade
🔵 7 nodes→ 6 links
CONSTANTDIFFERENCEINPUTPRODUCT
G2 — SUM central + zero floor
🔵 13 nodes→ 14 links
CONSTANTELSEIFINPUTPRODUCTQUOTIENTSUMTHEN
G3 — Loss Corridor + CF Sub-graph
🔵 14 nodes→ 21 links
🔗 This graph includes a cross-graph link — a node from a separate sub-graph contributes to the computation.
CONSTANTELSEIFINPUTPRODUCTQUOTIENTTHEN
G4 — Sliding scale via LOOKUP
🔵 5 nodes→ 5 links
INPUTLOOKUPPRODUCTQUOTIENT
G_CF — Cumulated Carry-Forward
🔵 4 nodes→ 3 links
INPUTSUM
Reinstatement Premium
FAC_XLTREATY_XL4 graphs · 24 nodes total
Contractual wording
Following each loss occurrence that erodes the limit of this Treaty, the cover shall be automatically reinstated up to the original limit. The number of reinstatements available and the premium payable therefor shall be as specified in the applicable variant: (A) Free and Unlimited — reinstatement is free of charge and unlimited in number, no additional premium is due; (B) Paid, Pro Rata Temporis — reinstatement premium is calculated pro rata temporis of the unexpired portion of the Treaty year at the date of loss occurrence, applied to the Original Reinsurance Premium at 100% of the annual rate, unlimited in number; (C) Paid, Pro Rata, Limited to N — as per variant B with the number of reinstatements limited to N occurrences per Treaty year as specified in the Schedule, cover is not restored once N reinstatements are exhausted; (D) Paid, Rate on Line — reinstatement premium determined by a Rate on Line drawn from a schedule indexed to the Treaty Loss Ratio at the date of reinstatement, applied to the Original Reinsurance Premium.
G5 — Reinstatement Free & Unlimited
🔵 1 nodes→ 0 links
CONSTANT
G6 — Reinstatement Paid, Pro Rata Temporis
🔵 6 nodes→ 5 links
CONSTANTINPUTPRODUCTQUOTIENT
G7 — Reinstatement Premium, Pro Rata, Limited N
🔵 12 nodes→ 11 links
CONSTANTELSEIFINPUTPRODUCTQUOTIENTTHEN
G8 — Reinstatement Paid, Rate on Line
🔵 5 nodes→ 5 links
INPUTLOOKUPPRODUCTQUOTIENT
Funds Withheld
FAC_XLTREATY_PROPTREATY_XL2 graphs · 12 nodes total
Contractual wording
The Ceding Company shall retain, as fiduciary of the Reinsurer, the reinsurance premium due hereunder on a funds withheld basis. The Funds Withheld Balance shall equal the premium retained, less any losses paid by the Reinsurer and offset against the account, subject to a floor of zero. The Reinsurer shall consider such amount as a receivable on its books.
G10 — Funds Withheld, Partial + Loss Offset
🔵 9 nodes→ 10 links
CONSTANTDIFFERENCEELSEIFINPUTPRODUCTTHEN
G9 — Funds Withheld, Full Premium
🔵 3 nodes→ 2 links
CONSTANTINPUTPRODUCT
Interest on Funds Withheld
FAC_XLTREATY_PROPTREATY_XL3 graphs · 19 nodes total
Contractual wording
In consideration of the Ceding Company retaining the Funds Withheld Balance, the Ceding Company shall credit interest thereon at the rate specified herein. The applicable rate may be fixed contractually, or determined by reference to a market index plus a contractual spread, subject in either case to a maximum rate cap where specified.
G11 — Interest, Fixed Rate
🔵 6 nodes→ 5 links
CONSTANTINPUTPRODUCTQUOTIENT
G12 — Interest, Floating Rate (SOFR + Spread)
🔵 8 nodes→ 7 links
CONSTANTINPUTPRODUCTQUOTIENTSUM
G13 — Interest, Capped
🔵 5 nodes→ 6 links
CONSTANTELSEIFINPUTTHEN
Loss Participation
FAC_XLTREATY_PROPTREATY_XL4 graphs · 28 nodes total
Contractual wording
A Loss Participation shall be payable by the Cedant to the Reinsurer where the loss experience under this Treaty exceeds a specified threshold. The amount payable shall be calculated as a percentage of losses, or of losses in excess of an applicable trigger, subject to a maximum participation cap where specified. The applicable rate may follow a sliding scale based on the loss ratio of the Treaty year.
G14 — Loss Participation, Flat Rate
🔵 3 nodes→ 2 links
CONSTANTINPUTPRODUCT
G15 — Loss Participation, Excess of Trigger
🔵 8 nodes→ 9 links
CONSTANTDIFFERENCEELSEIFINPUTTHEN
G16 — Loss Participation, Capped
🔵 12 nodes→ 15 links
CONSTANTDIFFERENCEELSEIFINPUTPRODUCTTHEN
G17 — Loss Participation, Sliding Scale
🔵 5 nodes→ 5 links
INPUTLOOKUPPRODUCTQUOTIENT
Template di conto tecnico
Template SOA pronti per l'istanziazione. Ogni riga corrisponde direttamente a un nodo nei grafi attuariali sopra.
Clause: Profit Commission with Stabilisation · 10 lines
#
Line item
Type
Value
1
PC Sliding Scale Account
HEADER
AMOUNT
2
Earned Premium
DETAIL
FORMULA
3
Incurred Losses
DETAIL
FORMULA
4
Commission Charges
DETAIL
FORMULA
5
Combined Ratio
SUBTOTAL
FORMULA
6
Applicable Rate (sliding scale)
DETAIL
FORMULA
7
Carry-Forward Prior Years
DETAIL
FORMULA
8
PC Payable After Bounds
TOTAL
FORMULA
9
Reinsurer Share
NOTE
RATE
10
Treaty Year
NOTE
AMOUNT
PC Standard — Bottom-up (G1/G2)
Clause: Profit Commission with Stabilisation · 11 lines
#
Line item
Type
Value
1
Profit Commission Account
HEADER
AMOUNT
2
Earned Premium
DETAIL
FORMULA
3
Incurred Losses
DETAIL
FORMULA
4
Management Expense Loading
DETAIL
FORMULA
5
Gross Technical Result
SUBTOTAL
FORMULA
6
Carry-Forward Applied
DETAIL
FORMULA
7
Net Commissionable Base
SUBTOTAL
FORMULA
8
PC Rate
DETAIL
RATE
9
Profit Commission Payable
TOTAL
FORMULA
10
Reinsurer Share
NOTE
RATE
11
Treaty Year
NOTE
AMOUNT
RISK LEGO Bricks — Primitive di grafo riutilizzabili
Ogni clausola di riassicurazione — per quanto personalizzata — si riduce a pochi pattern grafici. Queste 6 primitive sono fornite con ogni account. Copia, rinomina, assembla.
🧱 RISK LEGO · PRIMITIVES
Build any risk clause. From 6 reusable graph patterns.
Indexation, FX conversion, capped rates, conditional floors, weighted averages, sliding scales, multi-year accumulators — all reduce to combinations of these primitives. Open any brick in the Actuary profile, copy it into your clause, rename the nodes.
RISK LEGO #01
Soglia condizionale
Verifica un valore rispetto a una soglia. Restituisce il valore se superiore, il pavimento se inferiore. Base di ogni pattern zero-floor, corridoio sinistri ed excess-of-trigger.
INPUTCONSTANT FloorIFTHENELSE
Usato in: G2 SUM+pavimento · G10 Offset parziale · G15 Excess of trigger
RISK LEGO #02
Valore limitato
Restituisce MIN(valore, limite). Struttura identica al #01 con condizione invertita. Per tassi limitati, commissioni con tetto e clausole sunset.
INPUTCONSTANT CapIFTHENELSE
Usato in: G7 Limitato N · G13 Interessi limitati · G16 Partecipazione perdite limitata
RISK LEGO #03
Tasso × Base
Moltiplica un importo base per un tasso o coefficiente. La primitiva piu frequente — indicizzazione, conversione FX, applicazione tasso fisso, fattori di caricamento.
INPUT BaseCONSTANT RatePRODUCT
Usato in: G1 · G5 · G6 · G9 · G11 · G14 e nella maggior parte dei grafi come sotto-pattern
RISK LEGO #04
Media ponderata
Calcola Σ(valore × peso) / Σ(peso). Per tassi variabili (SOFR + spread), tassi misti, calcoli pro rata temporis.
INPUT Value AINPUT Value BINPUT Weight AINPUT Weight BSUM Total ValueSUM Total WeightQUOTIENT
Usato in: G6 Pro rata · G12 Tasso variabile SOFR
RISK LEGO #05
Applicazione tasso LOOKUP
Legge un tasso da una tabella di scala tramite una chiave e lo applica a una base. Base di ogni scala scorrevole, rate on line e clausola a tasso variabile.
INPUT KeyINPUT BaseLOOKUP RatePRODUCT
Usato in: G4 Scala scorrevole · G8 Rate on line · G17 LP scala scorrevole
RISK LEGO #06
Accumulatore multi-ingresso
Somma N ingressi di periodo in un totale cumulato. Per saldi riportabili, franchigie cumulate e conti esperienza pluriennali.
INPUT Period 1INPUT Period 2INPUT Period 3SUM Cumulated
CAT LEGO Bricks — Primitive per catastrofi naturali
Cinque primitive che coprono tutti gli schemi strutturali Cat XL — aggregazione eventi, clausola 72h, limite aggregato annuale, contatore occorrenze. Collega tramite SUBGRAPH per comporre coperture Cat XL complete.
🌪 CAT LEGO · PRIMITIVES
Build any Cat XL cover. From 5 reusable primitives.
Event aggregation, 72-hour clause (aggregate and large-claim variants), annual aggregate limit, occurrence counter — each isolated as a standalone DAG. Link them via SUBGRAPH to model any Cat XL structure.
CAT LEGO #01
Aggregazione evento
Aggrega i sinistri individuali per ramo in un totale evento unico. Ogni INPUT rappresenta un ramo o rischio. Il nodo SUM porta le tre dimensioni Cat: Peril, limite spaziale, finestra temporale.
INPUT Loss Line NSUM Event AggregateRESULT Event Loss
Punto di ingresso di ogni catena Cat XL. L'uscita alimenta #02a, #02b o direttamente #03.
CAT LEGO #02a
Clausola 72h — Aggregato
Verifica se un periodo di sinistri aggregati rientra nella finestra contrattuale di 72 ore. IF instrada la perdita aggregata a IN (nella finestra) o OUT (esclusa). Per trattati proporzionali.
INPUT Aggregate LossINPUT Event StartINPUT Period EndCONSTANT 72h WindowDIFFERENCE DurationIF / THEN / ELSE
Catena quota share: #02a → #01 → #03.
CAT LEGO #02b
Clausola 72h — Filtro grandi sinistri
Verifica se un grande sinistro individuale rientra nella finestra di 72 ore di un evento definito. IF instrada il sinistro a Grande sinistro IN o OUT. Per trattati XL.
INPUT Large ClaimINPUT Claim DateINPUT Event StartCONSTANT 72h WindowDIFFERENCE DaysIF / THEN / ELSE
Catena XL: #02b → #01 → #04 → #03.
CAT LEGO #03
Limite aggregato annuale
Cumula i recuperi per occorrenza e limita il totale annuale al LAA. IF confronta il totale lordo con il LAA: THEN restituisce il recupero lordo, ELSE lo limita al LAA.
Condiziona il recupero per occorrenza al numero massimo di eventi coperti nell'anno. IF confronta eventi occorsi con il massimo: THEN lascia passare il recupero, ELSE restituisce zero.
INPUT Events OccurredCONSTANT Max OccurrencesINPUT Recovery This EventIF / THEN / ELSECONSTANT ZeroSUM Annual Covered
Strutture di tower di riassicurazione predefinite — programmi, tower, nodi e link — pronti per essere utilizzati come riferimenti strutturali nel Program Manager.
1
programme(s)
3
tower(s)
18
node(s)
EX_P_STDStandard— Standard reinsurance programme patterns — seed content.
Gross lossLOSSQS ceded — cessionary A (20%)LOSSQS ceded — cessionary B (35%)LOSSNet QS retention (45%)LOSSXL Common Account recoveryLOSS_COMMON_ACCOUNTXL Common — cedant shareLOSSXL Common — cessionary A shareLOSSNet final — cessionary BLOSS
→ CESSION — Cession
Framework di riferimento
Il vocabolario condiviso che struttura ogni clausola, grafo e contratto nel tuo account.